PORT 1: Getting ready for the voyage - Start your EXPLORER'S JOURNAL (which you need to create with partner) with your CORNELL notes from Chapter 3, Section 1 of MWH pp. 92-101.
Next add your discussion of these questions:
The Age of Exploration:Would you go?
The 15th and 16th century were a time of exploration and discovery for European nations. Taking advantage of new maritime knowledge and inventions, European powers undertook sea expeditions to expand their trade and influence.
What possible rewards might come from exploring the seas for new lands?
- There are many possible rewards that might come from exploring the seas for new lands. But first to do that, there must be technology which can allow the voyages to me made. Some possible rewards from exploring the seas for new lands are spread of religion, gain of reputation, and the profit they can make. While exploring the seas for new lands, religion can be spread through encounter with new people. And by meeting various and new people, reputation can be gained through sharing of goods, and spread of culture. And profits can possibly be made by trade and by finding things that are worthwhile in other new lands.
What are the risks involved in embarking on a voyage into the unknown?
There are many possible rewards exploring the seas for new lands. But in the same time there are also risks involved in embarking voyages into unknown places. Such risks are diseases, natural disasters, and the people they could meet. In a long trip, diseases are likely to emerge. And if this happens, it'd affect a lot because diseases can be spread through people. Also, during a long trip into the unknown, it is possible for the people encounter natural disasters. And that'd be a high risk because natural disasters can decimate people who are in the voyage. And lastly the people they could encounter, could be dangerous because they could be some dangerous people; like pirates who seek for goods and kill who don't have them.
What will you do if you actually run into other people?
- If I actually get to run into other people, first I would observe them and question myself: 'Are they safe?'. If I judge they're not safe, I'd try to negotiate with them because there's really nothing except for that. And in my opinion, there could also be benefits for us despite of the fact that they're dangerous. On the other hand if I judge them safe, I'd try to do many things with them for our own goods. Such things I'd try to do are spreading of culture and religions, and trading of goods. And this is because reputations could be gained through the spreading of culture and religions, and profits could be made through trading of goods. Before You Leave
Your final task before leaving for the long voyage is FOR BOTH to look up ONE piece of new navigation technology you will be using so that you can teach your partner about how you will be using it. THIS INFORMATION COULD SAVE YOUR LIVES! Simply, search for ONE of the following tools and write a few sentences describing WHAT the instrument is and HOW it is used. (You can also look at p. 97 in your text to get you started.)
Astrolabe
Sextant
Compass
- Compass is a tool which was invented by the Chinese people, who were very developed back then. This tool, the compass is taken by every navigators on voyages of exploration. And this is because of the significance of the tool: it allows the navigators to be aware of in which direction they are going, and where to go. A voyage without a compass would be like a voyage without foods, because without a compass, the navigators wouldn't be able to know where to go.
Caravel
PORT 2: Starting the Voyage - Getting to know your competitors. In order to beat your enemies in this race, you need to know more about them INCLUDING where they went, what their primary motivation was and the results of their explorations. We have already learned about the PORTUGUESE now let's turn our sights on to the the other European nations competing with HUMANAVIA for GLORY!
FIRST, it is time to begin compiling our MAP of the voyages so we can keep track of where everyone is going and the results of their voyages.
On the map provided and using your textbook, trace the voyages of any three of the following:
Vespucci,
DaGama,
Columbus,
Magellan,
Cortes,
Ponce de Leon,
Smith,
Hudson,
Cabot,
Cartier,
Verazzano, and
Marquette.
ALSO INCLUDE YOUR OWN VOYAGE ON THE MAP AND CHART (BE CREATIVE!)
||
mapcook2.jpg
mapcook2.jpg
mapcook2.jpg
On your map, make sure that you include:
Legend/Key that shows each of the explorers and their journey. Give each a different color or a different map.
On your wikipage provide a link to the above map or maps, then...
Create a chart with the following important information needed so we can keep track of everyone in the race
Explorer's full name and country sponsoring the exploration
Dates of voyage(s)
Size of fleet
And most importantly a summary of their (AND YOUR) discoveries/achievements and/or results of each journey. (I should see both positive AND negative results of their voyages!)
*Much information for this task can be found from pages 119 - 131 of your textbook! DO not disappoint your King. (if you value your head!) STOP HERE FOR THE MOMENT
Christopher Columbus (Spain)
August 3, 1492
Three ships: Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria (Columbus' flagship) - All three of them carried 120 men
I myself and my people departed Palos, Spain, with three ships on August 3, 1492. The three ships were called Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. And this was all due to the competition between Asia and Europe. When we first reached the land, we thought we reached the East Indies. But it wasn't East Indies where we reached. It was an island in what the inhabitants call Bahamas, in the Caribbean Sea. The inhabitants weren't Indians. They called themselves Taino. I'd say this trip was successful because we had trades between them, and were successful. We presented them with some red caps, and strings of glass beads in return of parrots, balls of cotton thread, javelins, and many other things. In fact, they really accepted everything of ours, and gave us what they had with the utmost good will.
Vespucci (Spain)
May 16, 1499
4 ships- Commanded by Alonso de Ojeda
This was my second voyage with Alonzo de Ojeda for Cape Verde. We departed with 4 ships. After some days, we reached the Northern coast of South America. We explored the coast of Guiana and Brazil, and later, we also discovered the Amazon river. This was a great discovery because everything was spectacular, and the people were nice too; although they were a little weird. We had some trades with the inhabitants there, and made some profits. On the way back to our country, we stopped at Bahamas and took some Native Americans for slaves; about 200 men. And the success and discoveries I brought back to Spain allowed me to have another voyage in 1501; to Portugal.
Cartier (France)
April 20, 1534
Three ships: Grande Hermine (Flagship), the Petite Hermine, and the Emerillon.
This was my first voyage. We departed with three ships: Grande Hermine (my flagship), the Petite Hermine, and the Emerillon. And we set our sail under the commission from the king. I still remember what he said. He said, "Discover certain islands where it is said that a great quantity of gold and other precious things are to be found". This was surely because the kind didn't want to feel inferior to the wealthy Asian markets. I heard some say that it was Giovanni da Verrazzano who explored around Newfoundland first. I don't know about that. But I'm pretty sure that we were the first one to really examine different lands and the settlement of people. Somewhere in St. Lawrence I think; we planted a 10 meter cross bearing the words "Long Live the King of France". And that meant it was our lands from then. Later he headed back, with two natives we've captured. Back then, we didn't know we'd be off for another voyage; right next year.
PORT 3: Some impacts of Europe's Age of Exploration. There were were many world-changing impacts that were results of this time period. To be sure many were positive, however, there were also many that were negative. Nonetheless, these must be studied to understand our world today...
Your next task is to look at the Atlantic Slave Trade to get a better understanding of this sad chapter in our history. In your journals, respond to the following essential objectives as you watch the 2 short video segments and scan pages 132-136 in your text...
Identify the causes of African slavery.
Explain the Triangular Trade Route.
Identify the consequences of the slave trade.
- Back then, when sugar plantations and tobacco farms were at the peak in Europe, Europeans needed a large number of workers in order for them to make profits. European colonists who needed cheap labor, began to enslave Africans and use them as slaves for plantations and farms. But first, there were two things that allowed, or led this to happen. The spread of Islam into Africa was one. Due to the Islam belief, Muslim rulers in Africa justified enslavement; which led an increase in slavery and the slave trade. And the second one was because of the realization of Europe that Africans had no power. In the beginning Europeans were only interested in trading goods with them, rather than capturing them. However, as they progressed colonizing lands, they realized they were weak. Moreover, Europeans saw advantages. For example, they thought Africans were less likely to escape because they were stupid (did not know the way around the new land). Even if they escape, it was not a big deal to them because they thought they could catch them easily since Africans were black. And this led Europeans to enslave Africans.
- The Triangular Trade was the Triangle Trade System in the old days, from 1451 to 1870. This is known as the Triangular Trade because the route between the countries in trade formed a triangle. The three places in trade were Europe, Africa, and America. First Europeans transported manufactured goods(from America) to Africa, where they exchanged these goods with slaves. And then the Europeans, with the slave went across the Atlantic and reached America, where they bought sugar, coffee, and other manufactured goods; which they were going to be using for the next exchange in Africa. Some slaves were left within the colonized lands of Europe for farming, and some went back to Europe. This continued, and this is why it was called the Triangular Trade.
- The consequences of the slave trade was huge. The slave trade had brought a profound impact on both Africa. First, it had brought economical problems to them. It can be surely said that the people of a country is really the most significant natural resource of that country. However, due to slave trade, Africa had lost a lot of generations of their fittest members; who were young and able. This meant they'd lost power, and were faced to economical problems. Not only economical problems, but they also faced social and political problems. For example, numerous African families were torn apart due to slave trade. Plus, the societies were ruined by introduction of guns and such things because disputes between people. There was also a profound impact on America. Bringing Africans to their country, their cultural got more diverse, and their power grew.
TASK 2: The Columbian Exchange and Rise of Global Trade is certainly another major impact of the explorations. The colonization of the Americas introduced new items into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. AGAIN, these exchanges had POSITIVE and NEGATIVE impacts for both.
Your task for this exploration is to read and take CORNELL notes on pages 137-141.
STOP HERE FOR THE MOMENT...CATCH YOUR BREATH PORT 4: The East isolates itself from this Western exploration nonsense. Not everyone was excited to meet new people. China and Japan are good examples of countries who wanted to preserve their culture more than anything else...SO, let's find out why they really do NOT want you or your ships in their harbors!
ship.jpg
‘Why did China and Japan isolate themselves from the West?’ *You already know some of this from "1421", your job here is to get a taste of the attitudes of the Chinese and Japanese leadership toward you and your expedition.
Remember you have limited time at this port as they are not very welcoming - so just take notes on the key information!
Author: Who created the source? What do you know about the author? What is the author’s point of view?- The shogunate, the shoguns of Japan. Place and Time: Where and when was the source produced? How might this affect the meaning of the source?- Japan, directed to Nagasaki- 16th century Prior Knowledge: Beyond information about the author and the context of its creation, what do you know that would help you further understand the primary source?- Europe was spreading their beliefs, cultures, etc. (through voyages) - Europe's belief system of Catholicism was totally against Japan's belief system. Audience: For whom was the source created and how might this affect the reliability of the source?- The officials of Nagasaki, who were called Bugyo.
Reason: Why was this source produced at the time it was produced?- The source was produced at the time to prevent from people to practice other beliefs than their own Japanese beliefs. To do that, they put laws such as by restricting them from having trade with foreign ships. Basically, they didn't want other nations to influence them; they wanted to stay in power. The Main Idea: What point is the source trying to convey?- It conveys that the Shogunate could go until extremes, to prevent from their country being influenced by other countries. Evidences for this could be found by reading the extreme languages they use, such as death, execution, and etc. Significance: Why is this source important? What inferences can you draw from this document? Ask yourself, “So what?” in relation to the question asked.- This source is significant because it is a source from the 16th century telling of how they isolated themselves from foreign countries by putting laws. This shows how much they wanted to stay in power, and how much they didn't want to be influenced by other countries.
Next add your discussion of these questions:
The Age of Exploration:Would you go?
The 15th and 16th century were a time of exploration and discovery for European nations. Taking advantage of new maritime knowledge and inventions, European powers undertook sea expeditions to expand their trade and influence.
- What possible rewards might come from exploring the seas for new lands?
- There are many possible rewards that might come from exploring the seas for new lands. But first to do that, there must be technology which can allow the voyages to me made. Some possible rewards from exploring the seas for new lands are spread of religion, gain of reputation, and the profit they can make. While exploring the seas for new lands, religion can be spread through encounter with new people. And by meeting various and new people, reputation can be gained through sharing of goods, and spread of culture. And profits can possibly be made by trade and by finding things that are worthwhile in other new lands.- What are the risks involved in embarking on a voyage into the unknown?
There are many possible rewards exploring the seas for new lands. But in the same time there are also risks involved in embarking voyages into unknown places. Such risks are diseases, natural disasters, and the people they could meet. In a long trip, diseases are likely to emerge. And if this happens, it'd affect a lot because diseases can be spread through people. Also, during a long trip into the unknown, it is possible for the people encounter natural disasters. And that'd be a high risk because natural disasters can decimate people who are in the voyage. And lastly the people they could encounter, could be dangerous because they could be some dangerous people; like pirates who seek for goods and kill who don't have them.- What will you do if you actually run into other people?
- If I actually get to run into other people, first I would observe them and question myself: 'Are they safe?'. If I judge they're not safe, I'd try to negotiate with them because there's really nothing except for that. And in my opinion, there could also be benefits for us despite of the fact that they're dangerous. On the other hand if I judge them safe, I'd try to do many things with them for our own goods. Such things I'd try to do are spreading of culture and religions, and trading of goods. And this is because reputations could be gained through the spreading of culture and religions, and profits could be made through trading of goods.Before You Leave
Your final task before leaving for the long voyage is FOR BOTH to look up ONE piece of new navigation technology you will be using so that you can teach your partner about how you will be using it. THIS INFORMATION COULD SAVE YOUR LIVES! Simply, search for ONE of the following tools and write a few sentences describing WHAT the instrument is and HOW it is used. (You can also look at p. 97 in your text to get you started.)
- Astrolabe
- Sextant
- Compass
- Compass is a tool which was invented by the Chinese people, who were very developed back then. This tool, the compass is taken by every navigators on voyages of exploration. And this is because of the significance of the tool: it allows the navigators to be aware of in which direction they are going, and where to go. A voyage without a compass would be like a voyage without foods, because without a compass, the navigators wouldn't be able to know where to go.PORT 2: Starting the Voyage - Getting to know your competitors. In order to beat your enemies in this race, you need to know more about them INCLUDING where they went, what their primary motivation was and the results of their explorations. We have already learned about the PORTUGUESE now let's turn our sights on to the the other European nations competing with HUMANAVIA for GLORY!
FIRST, it is time to begin compiling our MAP of the voyages so we can keep track of where everyone is going and the results of their voyages.
On the map provided and using your textbook, trace the voyages of any three of the following:
Vespucci,
DaGama,
Columbus,
Magellan,
Cortes,
Ponce de Leon,
Smith,
Hudson,
Cabot,
Cartier,
Verazzano, and
Marquette.
ALSO INCLUDE YOUR OWN VOYAGE ON THE MAP AND CHART (BE CREATIVE!)
||On your map, make sure that you include:
Legend/Key that shows each of the explorers and their journey. Give each a different color or a different map.
Create a chart with the following important information needed so we can keep track of everyone in the race
*Much information for this task can be found from pages 119 - 131 of your textbook! DO not disappoint your King. (if you value your head!)
STOP HERE FOR THE MOMENT
Christopher Columbus (Spain)
August 3, 1492
Three ships: Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria (Columbus' flagship) - All three of them carried 120 men
I myself and my people departed Palos, Spain, with three ships on August 3, 1492. The three ships were called Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. And this was all due to the competition between Asia and Europe. When we first reached the land, we thought we reached the East Indies. But it wasn't East Indies where we reached. It was an island in what the inhabitants call Bahamas, in the Caribbean Sea. The inhabitants weren't Indians. They called themselves Taino. I'd say this trip was successful because we had trades between them, and were successful. We presented them with some red caps, and strings of glass beads in return of parrots, balls of cotton thread, javelins, and many other things. In fact, they really accepted everything of ours, and gave us what they had with the utmost good will.
Vespucci (Spain)
May 16, 1499
4 ships- Commanded by Alonso de Ojeda
This was my second voyage with Alonzo de Ojeda for Cape Verde. We departed with 4 ships. After some days, we reached the Northern coast of South America. We explored the coast of Guiana and Brazil, and later, we also discovered the Amazon river. This was a great discovery because everything was spectacular, and the people were nice too; although they were a little weird. We had some trades with the inhabitants there, and made some profits. On the way back to our country, we stopped at Bahamas and took some Native Americans for slaves; about 200 men. And the success and discoveries I brought back to Spain allowed me to have another voyage in 1501; to Portugal.
Cartier (France)
April 20, 1534
Three ships: Grande Hermine (Flagship), the Petite Hermine, and the Emerillon.
This was my first voyage. We departed with three ships: Grande Hermine (my flagship), the Petite Hermine, and the Emerillon. And we set our sail under the commission from the king. I still remember what he said. He said, "Discover certain islands where it is said that a great quantity of gold and other precious things are to be found". This was surely because the kind didn't want to feel inferior to the wealthy Asian markets. I heard some say that it was Giovanni da Verrazzano who explored around Newfoundland first. I don't know about that. But I'm pretty sure that we were the first one to really examine different lands and the settlement of people. Somewhere in St. Lawrence I think; we planted a 10 meter cross bearing the words "Long Live the King of France". And that meant it was our lands from then. Later he headed back, with two natives we've captured. Back then, we didn't know we'd be off for another voyage; right next year.
PORT 3: Some impacts of Europe's Age of Exploration. There were were many world-changing impacts that were results of this time period. To be sure many were positive, however, there were also many that were negative. Nonetheless, these must be studied to understand our world today...
Your next task is to look at the Atlantic Slave Trade to get a better understanding of this sad chapter in our history. In your journals, respond to the following essential objectives as you watch the 2 short video segments and scan pages 132-136 in your text...
- Back then, when sugar plantations and tobacco farms were at the peak in Europe, Europeans needed a large number of workers in order for them to make profits. European colonists who needed cheap labor, began to enslave Africans and use them as slaves for plantations and farms. But first, there were two things that allowed, or led this to happen. The spread of Islam into Africa was one. Due to the Islam belief, Muslim rulers in Africa justified enslavement; which led an increase in slavery and the slave trade. And the second one was because of the realization of Europe that Africans had no power. In the beginning Europeans were only interested in trading goods with them, rather than capturing them. However, as they progressed colonizing lands, they realized they were weak. Moreover, Europeans saw advantages. For example, they thought Africans were less likely to escape because they were stupid (did not know the way around the new land). Even if they escape, it was not a big deal to them because they thought they could catch them easily since Africans were black. And this led Europeans to enslave Africans.
- The Triangular Trade was the Triangle Trade System in the old days, from 1451 to 1870. This is known as the Triangular Trade because the route between the countries in trade formed a triangle. The three places in trade were Europe, Africa, and America. First Europeans transported manufactured goods(from America) to Africa, where they exchanged these goods with slaves. And then the Europeans, with the slave went across the Atlantic and reached America, where they bought sugar, coffee, and other manufactured goods; which they were going to be using for the next exchange in Africa. Some slaves were left within the colonized lands of Europe for farming, and some went back to Europe. This continued, and this is why it was called the Triangular Trade.
- The consequences of the slave trade was huge. The slave trade had brought a profound impact on both Africa. First, it had brought economical problems to them. It can be surely said that the people of a country is really the most significant natural resource of that country. However, due to slave trade, Africa had lost a lot of generations of their fittest members; who were young and able. This meant they'd lost power, and were faced to economical problems. Not only economical problems, but they also faced social and political problems. For example, numerous African families were torn apart due to slave trade. Plus, the societies were ruined by introduction of guns and such things because disputes between people. There was also a profound impact on America. Bringing Africans to their country, their cultural got more diverse, and their power grew.
Link for Atlantic Slave Trade Video 1
Link for Atlantic Slave Trade Video 2
TASK 2: The Columbian Exchange and Rise of Global Trade is certainly another major impact of the explorations. The colonization of the Americas introduced new items into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. AGAIN, these exchanges had POSITIVE and NEGATIVE impacts for both.
Your task for this exploration is to read and take CORNELL notes on pages 137-141.
STOP HERE FOR THE MOMENT...CATCH YOUR BREATHPORT 4: The East isolates itself from this Western exploration nonsense. Not everyone was excited to meet new people. China and Japan are good examples of countries who wanted to preserve their culture more than anything else...SO, let's find out why they really do NOT want you or your ships in their harbors!
*You already know some of this from "1421", your job here is to get a taste of the attitudes of the Chinese and Japanese leadership toward you and your expedition.
Task 1: Source Analysis
To get a first-hand account of the attitudes of the Japanese (Tokugawa) toward foreigners, Complete AP PARTS for EDICTS FOR 1635 ORDERING THE CLOSING OF JAPAN
Remember you have limited time at this port as they are not very welcoming - so just take notes on the key information!
Author: Who created the source? What do you know about the author? What is the author’s point of view?- The shogunate, the shoguns of Japan.Place and Time: Where and when was the source produced? How might this affect the meaning of the source?- Japan, directed to Nagasaki- 16th century
Prior Knowledge: Beyond information about the author and the context of its creation, what do you know that would help you further understand the primary source?- Europe was spreading their beliefs, cultures, etc. (through voyages) - Europe's belief system of Catholicism was totally against Japan's belief system.
Audience: For whom was the source created and how might this affect the reliability of the source?- The officials of Nagasaki, who were called Bugyo.
Reason: Why was this source produced at the time it was produced?- The source was produced at the time to prevent from people to practice other beliefs than their own Japanese beliefs. To do that, they put laws such as by restricting them from having trade with foreign ships. Basically, they didn't want other nations to influence them; they wanted to stay in power.
The Main Idea: What point is the source trying to convey?- It conveys that the Shogunate could go until extremes, to prevent from their country being influenced by other countries. Evidences for this could be found by reading the extreme languages they use, such as death, execution, and etc.
Significance: Why is this source important? What inferences can you draw from this document? Ask yourself, “So what?” in relation to the question asked.- This source is significant because it is a source from the 16th century telling of how they isolated themselves from foreign countries by putting laws. This shows how much they wanted to stay in power, and how much they didn't want to be influenced by other countries.